Turn a wall of text into the part you actually need. These prompts summarize papers, reports, articles, lectures, and transcripts — in the length and format you specify, without losing the key facts.
A good summary prompt does more than say “summarize this.” The ones here let you set the output — bullets, a TL;DR, a decision memo, a table of action items — and the audience, so a research paper comes back as claims-method-findings and a meeting comes back as owners and due dates. Several include a rule against inventing anything not in the source.
They cover study (lecture notes, papers, study guides), work (reports, decision memos, standups), and sales and recruiting (call notes, candidate comparisons). Paste the raw text and tell it who the summary is for — the more precise the format you ask for, the more useful the result.
25 prompts · free to copy · example output on each
ChatGPTGeminiClaude
Summarize a competitor's positioning
Distill a competitor's site or messaging into strengths and gaps.
The prompt
Analyze the competitor messaging I've pasted below and produce a structured summary.
Sections:
1. Core positioning statement (what problem they claim to solve, for whom)
2. Key claims and proof points they use (list the top 4–5)
3. Messaging strengths — what they do well and why it works
4. Messaging gaps or weaknesses — what they underplay or avoid
5. How our positioning should differ — one paragraph on the angle to own
Competitor name: [NAME]
Our product: [DESCRIPTION]
Competitor messaging (paste homepage copy, about page, or ad text): [PASTE]
Example output
Competitor: Whatagraph
1. Core positioning: "One platform to collect, visualize, and share marketing data" — aimed at agencies managing multiple client accounts. Positions on multi-source integration and speed.
2. Key claims: 100+ integrations; auto-scheduled reports; client-ready white-label; no developer needed; "saves 10+ hours per week."
3. Strengths: Integration breadth is credible and specific. "No developer" claim directly removes the biggest agency objection. White-label framing respects the agency relationship.
4. Gaps: No social proof with specific numbers on homepage. Doesn't address accuracy/data freshness. Pricing page buried — creates friction. No mention of what happens when a data source breaks.
5. Differentiation angle: Own data reliability and audit trail. Lead with "reports your clients trust" rather than "reports that build themselves" — shift the value from time saved to credibility earned.
TipPaste the competitor's homepage, pricing page, and one ad into the prompt together — the gaps between what they say on each page often reveal more than any single page alone.
ChatGPTGeminiClaude
Recap a campaign's results
Turn campaign metrics and notes into a shareable recap.
The prompt
Turn my campaign notes and metrics into a clean, shareable campaign recap.
Structure:
1. Campaign name, dates, and goal
2. Key results — bullet list, numbers first (include what hit vs. missed target)
3. What drove performance (2–3 factors, evidence-based)
4. What underperformed and the likely reason
5. Recommendations for the next campaign (3 bullets, specific and actionable)
Do not invent numbers. If a metric is missing, mark it as "not tracked."
Campaign notes and metrics: [PASTE]
Example output
Campaign: Q2 Agency Awareness — LinkedIn + Email
Dates: Apr 1 – May 31 | Goal: 200 demo requests
Key results:
- Demo requests: 218 (target: 200) ✓
- LinkedIn impressions: 1.2M (target: 800k) ✓
- Email open rate: 34% (target: 28%) ✓
- Cost per demo: $142 (target: $120) ✗
- Webinar registrations: 87 (target: 150) ✗
What drove performance: Thought-leadership posts outperformed case study posts 3:1 on engagement — consistent with Q1 data. Email series with the "reporting gap" angle had the highest CTR (6.1%) across all sends.
Underperformance: Webinar suffered from a 10-day gap between registration and event date. Drop-off rates suggest the window was too long. Cost-per-demo exceeded target because LinkedIn CPMs rose 18% in May.
Next campaign recommendations:
- Cut webinar lead-to-event window to 5–7 days
- Reallocate 20% of LinkedIn budget to email (lower CPL)
- Test one direct-benefit hook in place of thought-leadership for cold audiences
TipIncluding targets alongside actuals in the results section (hit vs. missed) forces honest evaluation and makes the recommendations feel grounded in evidence rather than opinion — stakeholders trust recaps that name what did not work.
ChatGPTGeminiClaude
Clean up call notes for your CRM
Turn messy call scribbles into structured CRM fields and a next action.
The prompt
Convert my raw call notes into a CRM-ready summary with these exact fields:
- Stage (one of: Discovery / Evaluation / Proposal / Negotiation)
- Pain points (bullets)
- Budget signal (what they actually said about money, or "none mentioned")
- Decision makers
- Objections / risks
- Next action + date
Only use what's in the notes. If a field is empty, write "none mentioned."
Notes: [PASTE NOTES]
Example output
Stage: Evaluation
Pain points:
- 6-week ramp for new support reps
- Docs change weekly, answers go stale
Budget signal: "We have room if it pays back in a quarter."
Decision makers: [Name] (Head of Support), + IT for security sign-off
Objections / risks: Worried about setup time during peak season
Next action: Send security overview — by Fri Jun 19
TipThe "none mentioned" rule stops the AI from inventing a budget or stakeholder you never heard — which is what makes the summary safe to paste straight into your pipeline.
ChatGPTGeminiClaude
Executive summary for a proposal
Condense a long proposal into a one-paragraph summary an exec will actually read.
The prompt
Write a one-paragraph executive summary to open a sales proposal. It should make a busy executive want to read on.
Cover, in plain language: the business problem, what we propose, the expected result (with a number if I give one), and the investment.
Details: [PASTE KEY PROPOSAL POINTS / PRICE / EXPECTED ROI]
Keep it under 120 words, confident but not hypey.
Example output
[Company] is spending roughly six weeks getting each new support rep to full productivity — time that costs both salary and senior-rep attention. This proposal outlines an answer layer trained on your existing documentation that gets new reps productive in under two weeks and keeps answers accurate as your docs change. Based on your current hiring pace, the expected payback is under one quarter. The investment is [PRICE] per year, including onboarding and your team's data setup. The sections below detail the rollout plan, security review, and success metrics we'd track together in the first 90 days.
TipPut the result and the payback period in the first three sentences — executives decide whether to keep reading there. Save features for the body.
ChatGPTGeminiClaude
Win/loss summary from deal notes
Extract why a deal was won or lost so the next one goes better.
The prompt
Analyze my notes from a closed deal and produce a win/loss summary:
- Outcome: Won / Lost
- Primary reason (one sentence)
- Contributing factors (bullets)
- What the competitor did, if mentioned
- One thing I'd do differently next time
Be honest, not flattering. Only use what's in the notes.
Deal notes: [PASTE NOTES]
Example output
Outcome: Lost
Primary reason: We were brought in too late — they'd already shortlisted two vendors before our first call.
Contributing factors:
- Champion liked us but wasn't the budget owner.
- Our security review took 9 days; competitor turned theirs around in 2.
- We never got a meeting with the CFO.
Competitor: Won on faster procurement, not product.
Do differently: Qualify "where are you in the process?" on call one, and pre-stage the security packet.
TipRun this on both wins and losses — patterns across 10 of these tell you more about your sales process than any single deal. Be ruthlessly honest in the notes or the summary is useless.
ChatGPTGeminiClaude
Turn messy meeting notes into clear action items
Convert raw notes or a transcript into decisions, owners, and next steps.
The prompt
Below are raw notes from a team meeting. Turn them into a clean summary for people who weren't there.
Format:
1. **TL;DR** — 2 sentences.
2. **Decisions made** — bullet list.
3. **Action items** — a table: Task | Owner | Due date. If an owner or date wasn't stated, write "unassigned" — do not invent one.
4. **Open questions** — anything left unresolved.
Keep it factual. Don't add advice. Here are the notes:
[PASTE NOTES OR TRANSCRIPT]
Example output
**TL;DR** — The team approved the Q3 pricing test and pushed the mobile redesign to August. Two action items are unassigned.
**Decisions made**
- Run the pricing A/B test on the Pro plan starting July 1.
- Delay the mobile redesign to August to avoid the holiday code freeze.
**Action items**
| Task | Owner | Due date |
|---|---|---|
| Set up pricing test in billing | Priya | Jun 27 |
| Draft August launch timeline | unassigned | unassigned |
| Tell support about the price change | Marco | Jun 30 |
**Open questions**
- Who signs off on the final August date?
TipThe "do not invent owners or dates" rule is what makes this trustworthy — AI otherwise fills gaps with plausible-but-wrong names. Paste a Zoom/Meet transcript directly for best results.
ChatGPTGeminiClaude
Write a weekly status report for your boss
Turn the week's work into a tight update leadership actually reads.
The prompt
You are a senior manager writing a weekly status report. Turn my bullet-point notes into a clean update my director will read in under two minutes.
Format:
1. **This week** — 3–5 bullets of concrete progress (metrics or deliverables, not effort).
2. **Next week** — 2–3 priorities with owners.
3. **Blockers** — anything I need from leadership. If none, write "None."
Rules: plain language, no filler phrases like "we continued to work on," numbers wherever I have them, under 200 words total.
My notes: [PASTE YOUR WEEK'S NOTES]
Example output
**This week**
- Shipped the onboarding email sequence; open rate at 41% vs. 29% baseline.
- Closed two enterprise pilots — Meridian Health and Solis Finance (combined ARR: $84,000).
- Reduced P1 ticket backlog from 34 to 11 by reallocating two engineers from the feature queue.
- Completed Q3 headcount plan; submitted to HR on Thursday.
**Next week**
- Priya: finalize security review for Meridian (due Thu).
- Tom: start sprint 14 with new backlog priority order.
- Me: present Q3 plan to leadership on Wednesday.
**Blockers**
- Need sign-off on the contractor extension for Tom's team by Monday — delays sprint 14 otherwise.
TipForce yourself to write numbers into the notes before pasting — "shipped onboarding emails" is useless; "open rate 41% vs. 29% baseline" is what leadership remembers. The AI can't invent metrics you didn't give it.
ChatGPTGeminiClaude
Draft a performance review from your notes
Turn scattered feedback notes into a balanced, specific review.
The prompt
You are an experienced manager writing a formal performance review. Turn my raw notes into a draft review for [EMPLOYEE NAME], a [ROLE], covering the period [DATES].
Structure:
1. **Overall summary** — 2 sentences.
2. **Strengths** — 2–3 specific examples from the notes (quote real outcomes, not personality traits).
3. **Areas to develop** — 1–2 honest, specific gaps with a suggested action, not vague criticism.
4. **Rating recommendation** — [RATING SCALE, e.g. Exceeds / Meets / Below].
Rules: use specific evidence from my notes. If a section has no evidence, write "no data provided" — don't pad it. Avoid empty praise. Neutral professional tone.
My notes: [PASTE NOTES]
Example output
**Overall summary**
Priya had a strong half-year marked by two significant enterprise closes and consistent technical quality. Her communication to stakeholders improved noticeably after Q1; cross-functional friction dropped as a result.
**Strengths**
- Closed Meridian Health and Solis Finance ($84,000 combined ARR) with minimal manager involvement after the first call.
- Delivered the security review framework three days early; Legal called it "the clearest submission we've seen."
**Areas to develop**
- Tends to absorb scope quietly rather than flagging tradeoffs early — missed the sprint 12 deadline was partly caused by this. Agree on a "flag or negotiate" norm before sprint planning each cycle.
**Rating recommendation**
Exceeds expectations.
TipFeed in quotes and numbers from real events, not adjectives — "delivered security review early, Legal praised it" forces the model to write evidence-based copy instead of filler like "demonstrates strong ownership." The difference is what makes reviews defensible in an HR escalation.
ChatGPTGeminiClaude
Summarize options into a decision memo
Lay out choices, trade-offs, and a recommendation for a fast decision.
The prompt
Write a decision memo for [DECISION MAKER / AUDIENCE] on the question: [THE DECISION TO BE MADE].
Format:
1. **Context** — why this decision is needed now (2–3 sentences).
2. **Options** — a table: Option | Pros | Cons | Cost/Effort.
3. **Recommendation** — which option you recommend and the one-sentence reason.
4. **What we need from you** — the specific ask (approval, a call, a sign-off).
Be direct. State a recommendation even if the data is imperfect. Under 300 words.
Details: [PASTE OPTIONS, TRADE-OFFS, YOUR PREFERRED CHOICE AND WHY]
Example output
**Decision: Hire vs. Contract for Design Role**
To: [Director] | Date: Jun 17
**Context**
The onboarding project needs a designer by July 1 to hit the Aug 31 ship date. The role has been open for six weeks; the pipeline has two candidates but no offer-ready finalist.
**Options**
| Option | Pros | Cons | Cost |
|---|---|---|---|
| Extend contractor (Lena) | Available now, knows the product | 20% premium, not a long-term fix | $12,000 for 8 weeks |
| Wait for hire | Right long-term | Delays project 3–6 weeks | $0 now, risk of Q3 miss |
| Freelancer via agency | Fast, low overhead | Ramp time, no product context | $8,000–$14,000 |
**Recommendation**
Extend Lena's contract through August. She's already ramped, and missing the August date costs more than the premium.
**What we need from you**
Approval to extend Lena at the current rate through Aug 31. I need this by Monday to give her enough notice.
TipState your recommendation explicitly — "option B" is not a recommendation. Saying "I recommend X because Y" forces you to commit, and it's exactly what decision-makers need to move fast. A memo that hedges everything is a memo that gets no action.
ChatGPTGeminiClaude
Summarize a standup into a status update
Condense daily updates into blockers and progress for stakeholders.
The prompt
Summarize the following standup notes into a brief status update I can share with stakeholders who didn't attend.
Format:
1. **Overall status** — one word (Green / Yellow / Red) and one sentence explaining it.
2. **Progress** — 2–4 bullets of concrete things completed or moved forward.
3. **Blockers** — each blocker on its own line: Blocker | Who owns resolution | By when. If none, write "None."
4. **Watch items** — risks that aren't blockers yet but need monitoring.
Factual only. Don't restate what people are working on — only what moved.
Standup notes: [PASTE STANDUP NOTES]
Example output
**Overall status: Yellow** — on track for the sprint goal but one blocker needs resolution by tomorrow to stay there.
**Progress**
- Diego merged the API rate-limit fix; staging verified clean.
- Priya completed sections 1–2 of the Meridian security questionnaire.
- Tom finished the doc rewrites for onboarding steps 3 and 4.
**Blockers**
| Blocker | Owner | By when |
|---|---|---|
| Legal hasn't reviewed the data agreement; Priya can't complete section 5 | [Manager] to escalate | Jun 18 EOD |
**Watch items**
- QA environment has been flaky — if it goes down again it delays Diego's next PR review.
TipTrain yourself to distinguish progress (something finished or unblocked) from activity (someone working on something) — stakeholders need the first, not the second. The blocker table with an owner and a deadline is the part that actually gets blockers resolved.
ChatGPTGeminiClaude
Screen a resume against a job spec
Summarize how a resume matches a role, with gaps flagged honestly.
The prompt
Screen the resume below against the job spec and give me a structured summary.
Job spec: [PASTE JOB SPEC]
Resume: [PASTE RESUME]
Format:
- Overall fit: Strong / Possible / Weak (one line of reasoning)
- Matches: bullets of where they meet the spec directly
- Gaps: bullets of missing requirements — be honest, don't soften
- One question worth asking them on a call
Don't invent qualifications. If something is ambiguous, say so rather than guessing.
Example output
Overall fit: Possible — strong on the technical side, light on the team leadership the spec asks for.
Matches:
- 6 years in data engineering, all in fintech (spec asks 4+).
- Hands-on with dbt and Snowflake, which the spec names explicitly.
- Led a pipeline migration project end-to-end.
Gaps:
- No evidence of managing other engineers — spec requires leading a team of 3+.
- No mention of vendor negotiation or tooling budget ownership.
- ML pipeline experience listed but no specifics; could be shallow.
Question to ask: "The role manages two junior engineers from day one — have you had direct reports before, and what did that look like?"
TipAdd "if something is ambiguous, say so" to keep the model from reading gaps charitably. A resume screen that papers over missing requirements wastes everyone's time.
ChatGPTGeminiClaude
Turn interview notes into a debrief
Convert raw interview notes into a structured evaluation.
The prompt
Convert my raw interview notes into a structured debrief for sharing with the hiring team.
Candidate: [NAME]
Role: [JOB TITLE]
Interviewer: [YOUR NAME]
Notes: [PASTE RAW NOTES]
Output format:
- Headline: one sentence on overall impression.
- Strengths observed (bullets)
- Concerns or gaps (bullets)
- Standout moment: one specific exchange worth sharing
- Recommendation: Advance / Hold / Pass — with one line of reasoning
Only use what's in my notes. Don't soften concerns to be polite.
Example output
Candidate: Maya Chen | Role: Head of Growth | Interviewer: J. Park
Headline: Strong strategic thinker, but gave thin answers when pushed on execution specifics.
Strengths:
- Articulated a full-funnel growth model unprompted — showed systems thinking.
- Comfortable with ambiguity; described building a team from scratch at her last role.
Concerns:
- When asked about a campaign that underperformed, pivoted to what the team learned without owning her own call that was wrong.
- No specific CAC or payback period numbers cited in any example.
Standout moment: Her reframe of retention as a growth lever landed well — clear, original, and grounded.
Recommendation: Hold — ask a second interviewer to pressure-test the execution gap before advancing.
TipAsk for a "standout moment" explicitly — it gives the hiring team a concrete anchor for the debrief conversation, rather than a list of bullets they have to interpret on their own.
ChatGPTGeminiClaude
Compare finalists side by side
Summarize two or three finalists into a clear comparison.
The prompt
Compare [NUMBER] final-round candidates for the role of [JOB TITLE] and give the hiring team a clear summary to inform their decision.
For each candidate, I'll give you notes. Produce:
- A comparison table with the key criteria as columns and candidates as rows.
- Under the table, a one-paragraph "case for" each candidate — genuine strengths only, no padding.
- A section on key tradeoffs the team should discuss.
- Do not make a hire recommendation — leave the decision to the team.
Evaluation criteria: [LIST CRITERIA]
Candidate notes: [PASTE NOTES FOR EACH CANDIDATE]
Example output
| Criterion | Candidate A (Sara) | Candidate B (Tom) | Candidate C (Lea) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Technical depth | High | Medium | High |
| Leadership exp. | 3 direct reports | None | 6 direct reports |
| Domain fit | Strong (SaaS) | Moderate | Weak (retail only) |
| Communication | Clear, concise | Strong, verbose | Clear |
| Culture signals | Collaborative | Independent | Collaborative |
Case for Sara: Built and scaled a 3-person team in a similar product org. Strong on ambiguity; interview showed she works well without a playbook.
Case for Tom: Highest technical ceiling in the group. Would need to grow into the leadership scope, but the raw thinking is there.
Case for Lea: Most leadership experience by volume, though in a different industry. Strong communicator; the domain gap is the real question.
Key tradeoffs: Do you need someone who can lead today, or someone you can develop? How much does the industry gap matter given your onboarding capacity?
TipEnding with "key tradeoffs" rather than a recommendation keeps the hiring team in the decision — they have context you don't, and the summary is most useful when it surfaces the real dilemma rather than resolving it.
ChatGPTGeminiClaude
Turn a reading into quiz questions
Generate comprehension questions at mixed difficulty from any text.
The prompt
You are an experienced curriculum designer. Generate a [NUMBER] question reading comprehension quiz based on the text below.
Grade level: [GRADE LEVEL]
Mix of difficulty:
- [NUMBER] recall questions (directly stated in the text)
- [NUMBER] inference questions (require reading between the lines)
- [NUMBER] synthesis or opinion question (requires connecting the text to a broader idea)
Format each question as:
Q[N]: [Question]
Type: Recall / Inference / Synthesis
Sample answer: [One correct answer in 1–2 sentences]
Text: [PASTE TEXT]
Example output
Q1: What two crops did the Dust Bowl destroy most severely in Oklahoma between 1934 and 1936?
Type: Recall
Sample answer: Wheat and cotton were the two crops most severely destroyed during the Dust Bowl years described in the passage.
Q2: Why did many families leave even when they owned their land outright?
Type: Inference
Sample answer: Even landowners left because dust storms made farming impossible for years at a stretch, meaning owning the land didn't protect them from losing their income and food supply.
Q3: The author argues that the Dust Bowl was partly caused by farming practices. Do you think knowing that changes how we should respond to today's droughts? Explain using the text.
Type: Synthesis
Sample answer: Varies — accept any response that connects the passage's evidence about over-plowing to a current policy or personal action.
TipSpecifying "sample answer" in the format prompt forces the model to verify each question is actually answerable from the text — a quick way to catch questions that are ambiguous or unanswerable.
ChatGPTGeminiClaude
Rewrite an article for your class reading level
Rewrite a complex article so students can actually read it.
The prompt
Rewrite the article below for [GRADE LEVEL] students reading at approximately a [READING LEVEL, e.g. 5th-grade] level.
Rules:
- Replace all jargon and academic vocabulary with simpler synonyms. If a key term must stay, define it in parentheses the first time.
- Use short sentences (under 20 words average).
- Keep the article's core argument and all factual claims intact — do not simplify to the point of distortion.
- Match the original structure: same main sections, same order.
- Target length: [WORD COUNT] words.
Original article: [PASTE ARTICLE]
Example output
Why Bees Are Disappearing — and Why It Matters
Bees are dying at a faster rate than ever before. Scientists call this "colony collapse disorder" — when the worker bees in a hive suddenly vanish, leaving the queen bee alone with no one to feed her.
No one knows exactly why it keeps happening. But researchers think three things are working together: pesticides (chemicals sprayed on crops to kill insects), a tiny parasite called the Varroa mite that feeds on bee bodies, and the loss of wildflower fields where bees find food.
This matters to you. About one-third of everything you eat — from apples to almonds to the seeds in your bread — needs bees to grow. Fewer bees means less food, and higher prices at the grocery store.
TipAsk the model to flag any place it had to simplify a nuance — paste the original alongside and you can spot where student understanding might need a direct classroom supplement.
ChatGPTGeminiClaude
Create a grading rubric from an assignment
Build a clear, fair rubric with levels and criteria.
The prompt
You are a curriculum specialist. Create a grading rubric for the assignment described below.
Assignment: [PASTE ASSIGNMENT PROMPT OR DESCRIPTION]
Grade level: [GRADE LEVEL]
Point total: [TOTAL POINTS]
Number of criteria: [NUMBER, e.g. 4]
For each criterion:
- Name the criterion.
- Write descriptors for 4 performance levels: Excellent, Proficient, Developing, Beginning.
- Assign point values that add up to the total.
Keep descriptors specific and behavior-based, not vague ("uses three pieces of textual evidence" not "supports ideas well").
Example output
Assignment: Persuasive essay on school lunch policy (Grade 7, 100 points, 4 criteria)
Claim & Argument (30 pts)
Excellent (30): States a clear, specific position in the opening paragraph and maintains it throughout without contradiction.
Proficient (22): Position is clear but shifts slightly or is restated with inconsistent wording.
Developing (14): A position is implied but never explicitly stated.
Beginning (6): No clear position identifiable.
Evidence (30 pts)
Excellent (30): Cites at least 3 pieces of specific evidence (data, examples, or quotes); each is explained and tied to the claim.
Proficient (22): Cites 2–3 pieces of evidence; explanation of connection to claim is sometimes missing.
Developing (14): Evidence present but vague ("studies show...") or unconnected to the argument.
Beginning (6): No evidence, or evidence contradicts the claim.
[Criteria 3–4 continue in same format...]
TipBehavior-based descriptors ("cites at least 3 pieces of evidence") make student self-assessment accurate and reduce grade disputes — vague descriptors ("good use of evidence") shift all interpretation burden to you.
ChatGPTGeminiClaude
Generate report card comments from notes
Turn brief notes into specific, supportive comments per student.
The prompt
You are helping a [GRADE LEVEL] teacher write report card narrative comments. For each student below, write a comment that is:
- 50–75 words
- Specific (names a skill, behavior, or example — never generic)
- Positive in tone overall, with growth area framed as forward-looking
- Written in third person ("She / He / They")
- Free of jargon and grade-level codes
Student notes (one per line, separated by "---"):
[PASTE STUDENT NOTES IN FORMAT: Name | Strengths | Growth area | Any specific detail]
Generate one comment per student in the same order.
Example output
Amara J.
Amara has grown significantly as a reader this quarter. She now reads independently for the full 20-minute block and selects books that challenge her, a habit she built through consistent effort. In writing, she is developing her ability to add specific details to support her ideas, and with continued practice she will bring the same confidence she shows in reading to her drafts.
---
Felix O.
Felix brings genuine curiosity to math and has mastered all multiplication facts through 12 — a major milestone. He participates eagerly in class discussions and often catches errors in his own work during review. His next focus is showing his steps clearly in multi-digit problems so that his strong thinking is visible to the reader.
TipFeed the model one or two real example comments you've written before, as a style sample, and the output will match your voice much more closely than a cold prompt will.
ChatGPTGeminiClaude
Explain a hard topic three ways
Get analogies and explanations at different levels for a tricky concept.
The prompt
I teach [GRADE LEVEL / SUBJECT] and I need to explain [CONCEPT] to students. Give me three different explanations:
1. Simple analogy: Explain it using something students this age encounter every day. No technical vocabulary.
2. Worked example: Walk through one concrete example step by step, as if talking to a student who is stuck.
3. Common misconception: Name the most frequent way students misunderstand this concept and explain why the wrong mental model fails.
Keep each explanation under 100 words. Plain language throughout.
Example output
Concept: How interest works on a loan (Grade 8 personal finance)
Simple analogy
Borrowing money is like borrowing a friend's bike and agreeing to return it with an extra granola bar each week as a "thank you." The longer you keep the bike, the more granola bars you owe — even though the bike itself didn't change. Interest is that ongoing thank-you fee, charged as a percentage of what you still owe.
Worked example
You borrow 1,000 dollars at 10% annual interest. After year one you owe 100 dollars in interest (10% of 1,000). If you only pay the interest each year and never touch the principal, you still owe 1,000 dollars after five years — and have paid 500 dollars in fees. That's why paying extra on the principal matters.
Common misconception
Students often think interest is calculated once, at the start. In reality, most loans recalculate interest on the remaining balance each month. If your balance shrinks, so does the interest charge — which is why early extra payments save the most money over the life of the loan.
TipThe misconception explanation is the most teaching-ready of the three — use it word-for-word to open a lesson, because students pay attention when you name the wrong idea they already have.
ChatGPTGeminiClaude
Summarize a staff meeting into action items
Turn staff-meeting notes into decisions and who-does-what.
The prompt
Summarize the staff meeting notes below into a clean, actionable recap.
Format:
- Decisions made: (bullet list of anything that was resolved or approved)
- Action items: (bullet list in format — [WHO]: [WHAT] by [DATE or "TBD"])
- Open questions: (anything raised but not resolved — with owner if assigned)
- Next meeting: (date/time if mentioned)
Do not add anything not in the notes. Keep it to one page.
Raw notes: [PASTE MEETING NOTES]
Example output
Decisions made:
- School will move to a rotating block schedule starting January 6.
- All staff to complete the updated mandatory reporting training by Dec. 1 (online module, 45 min).
- Science kits will be ordered centrally this year — individual teacher orders not processed.
Action items:
- Ms. Huang: share block schedule draft with department heads by Nov. 22.
- All teachers: submit wish lists for science consumables to Mr. Osei by Nov. 19.
- Mr. Osei: send training link to full staff by end of week.
Open questions:
- How will specials (art, PE, music) map to the new block? — Principal to confirm by Dec. 6.
Next meeting: Wednesday, Dec. 11, 3:30 p.m., library.
TipThe "open questions" section is often the most useful — it makes explicit what was discussed but not resolved, so those items don't get lost and resurface as surprises at the next meeting.
ChatGPTGeminiClaude
Summarize messy lecture notes
Turn a wall of notes into a clean, study-ready summary.
The prompt
You are a graduate teaching assistant who is expert at organizing disorganized notes. I will paste my raw lecture notes from class. Produce a clean summary in this structure:
- Main topic (one sentence)
- Core ideas (3–5 bullets, each one standalone)
- Key terms and their definitions
- One thing that is likely to appear on an exam
Do not add information not present in my notes. Flag anything unclear with "[unclear]" so I know to follow up.
My notes: [PASTE NOTES HERE]
Example output
Main topic: Operant conditioning — how consequences shape voluntary behavior.
Core ideas:
- Reinforcement increases a behavior; punishment decreases it.
- Positive = add something; negative = remove something (applies to both).
- Variable-ratio schedules produce the most resistant-to-extinction behavior.
- Shaping uses successive approximations to teach a new behavior.
- Skinner box experiments established these principles with pigeons and rats.
Key terms:
- Extinction: behavior fades when reinforcement stops.
- Continuous reinforcement: reward every instance (fast to learn, fast to fade).
Likely exam: distinguish positive/negative reinforcement from positive/negative punishment with examples.
TipPaste your notes as-is — do not clean them first. The model finds signal in your shorthand better than you expect, and the [unclear] flag tells you exactly where to fill gaps before the exam.
ChatGPTGeminiClaude
Summarize a research paper
Get the key claims, method, and findings of a dense paper.
The prompt
Act as a research methods tutor. I will give you the abstract and any sections I paste from a research paper. Summarize it using this structure:
1. Research question (one sentence)
2. Method (what they did, how many participants or data points)
3. Key findings (bullets, with numbers if they appear)
4. Limitations the authors mention
5. One sentence on why this paper matters
Do not interpret or add analysis. Use plain language I can explain to a classmate.
Paper excerpt: [PASTE ABSTRACT + KEY SECTIONS]
Example output
1. Research question: Does spaced repetition improve long-term retention compared to massed practice in undergraduate vocabulary learning?
2. Method: Randomized experiment, 94 undergraduate psychology students over 8 weeks; one group used a spaced flashcard app, one group did blocked study sessions.
3. Key findings:
- Spaced group retained 31% more words at the 4-week follow-up test.
- No significant difference at the immediate post-test (p = .42).
- Effect was strongest for low-frequency words.
4. Limitations: Self-selected study time; both groups used the same word list.
5. Why it matters: Confirms spacing benefit persists beyond the lab and applies to a practical student tool.
TipIf the paper is long, paste the abstract and the Results section first. Those two alone give you 80% of the structure; add the Discussion only if you need the "why it matters" layer.
ChatGPTGeminiClaude
Build a study guide from your material
Turn notes or a syllabus into an organized study guide.
The prompt
You are a study skills coach. I will paste my course syllabus or class notes for [COURSE NAME]. Build a one-page study guide organized by exam-ready topic clusters (not by date or lecture order).
For each cluster:
- Topic name
- Core concepts to know (bullets)
- Likely exam question type (recall, apply, compare)
Group related ideas together even if they appeared in different weeks. Flag gaps where I should re-read.
Material: [PASTE SYLLABUS / NOTES]
Example output
CLUSTER 1 — Market Structures
Concepts: Perfect competition, monopoly, oligopoly, monopolistic competition; price-setting power; barriers to entry.
Exam type: Compare (e.g., "how does a monopolist's output decision differ from a competitive firm's?")
CLUSTER 2 — Supply and Demand
Concepts: Shifts vs. movements along the curve; price elasticity; consumer/producer surplus; deadweight loss.
Exam type: Apply — draw and label diagrams.
CLUSTER 3 — Game Theory
Concepts: Nash equilibrium, prisoner's dilemma, dominant strategy.
Exam type: Recall + apply to scenario problems.
[GAP FLAG: Week 9 covered externalities — re-read your notes before grouping this in.]
TipPaste the whole syllabus even if it has administrative content — the model filters it out. The cluster step is the real value: it shows you which weeks are actually teaching the same underlying idea.
ChatGPTGeminiClaude
Make flashcards from your notes
Generate Q&A flashcards you can drill before an exam.
The prompt
Act as a test-prep tutor for [SUBJECT]. I will paste my notes. Generate flashcards in Q&A format following these rules:
- One idea per card. No compound questions.
- Questions test understanding, not just memorization (prefer "explain," "compare," or "give an example of").
- Keep each answer under 40 words.
- Generate at least 15 cards.
- Format: Q: ... / A: ...
Notes: [PASTE NOTES]
Example output
Q: What is the difference between covalent and ionic bonding?
A: Covalent bonds share electrons between atoms; ionic bonds transfer electrons from one atom to another, creating oppositely charged ions that attract.
Q: Why are noble gases largely unreactive?
A: Their outermost electron shell is full (8 electrons for most), so they have no drive to gain, lose, or share electrons.
Q: Give an example of a polar covalent bond.
A: Water (H2O) — oxygen pulls shared electrons more strongly than hydrogen, creating a partial negative charge on oxygen.
Q: What does electronegativity measure?
A: An atom's tendency to attract bonding electrons toward itself; fluorine has the highest electronegativity on the periodic table.
TipAsk for "explain" and "give an example" style questions rather than fill-in-the-blank — those cards are harder to fool yourself on when you are tired and almost "know" the answer.
ChatGPTGeminiClaude
Explain a confusing concept simply
Get a plain-language explanation with an analogy and a check question.
The prompt
Explain [CONCEPT] to me as if I understand basic [RELATED FIELD] but have not studied this topic before. Structure your explanation as:
1. Plain-language definition (2–3 sentences, no jargon)
2. A concrete real-world analogy
3. The most common misconception students have about this concept
4. One check question I can answer to test my own understanding
Keep the total response under 200 words.
Example output
1. Definition: A p-value tells you how surprising your data would be if the null hypothesis were true. A small p-value (say, below 0.05) means "this result would be rare by chance alone," which is evidence against the null — not proof your hypothesis is correct.
2. Analogy: Imagine you flip a coin 20 times and get 18 heads. The p-value answers: "if the coin were fair, how often would I see 18+ heads?" Very rarely — so you have reason to doubt it's fair.
3. Misconception: A p-value is not the probability your hypothesis is true. It says nothing about your hypothesis directly — only about the data given the null.
4. Check question: If p = 0.03, does that mean there is a 3% chance the null hypothesis is true? (Answer: No — see point 3.)
TipSpecifying the level of prior knowledge ("understand basic biology but not biochemistry") cuts irrelevant background sharply. The check question at the end tells you whether to re-read or move on.
ChatGPTGeminiClaude
Plan and split a group project
Turn a project brief into tasks, owners, and a timeline.
The prompt
Help my group plan and divide a class project. Turn the brief below into a clear work plan.
Project brief: [PASTE ASSIGNMENT DESCRIPTION]
Due date: [DATE]
Number of group members: [NUMBER]
Any known constraints: [MEMBER AVAILABILITY / TOOLS / RESTRICTIONS]
Produce:
1. A task breakdown (every deliverable the assignment requires)
2. Suggested owner per task (use "Member A, B, C…" as placeholders)
3. A week-by-week timeline working backward from the due date
4. One integration checkpoint where the full group reviews progress together
Example output
Project: 15-minute policy presentation on housing affordability in Austin, TX. Due in 3 weeks. 4 members.
Task breakdown:
- Background research: causes and scope of affordability gap (Member A)
- Data section: 3 charts with sourced housing cost data (Member B)
- Policy analysis: two proposed interventions, pros/cons (Member C)
- Slide design and speaker notes (Member D)
- Presentation rehearsal: all members
Timeline:
- Week 1: research and data complete; send to rest of group
- Week 2: policy analysis written; slides drafted
- End of Week 2: full-group checkpoint — review all sections together for coherence
- Week 3: rehearse twice, revise slides, submit
Integration checkpoint: Wednesday of Week 2, 30-minute sync to catch gaps before the deadline pressure hits.
TipThe integration checkpoint is the most skipped step in student group projects and the one that matters most — schedule it in Week 2, not the night before the deadline, when fixing problems is still possible.
Paste the text and specify the output you want — bullets, a one-paragraph TL;DR, or a structured table. Naming the format and the audience produces a far more useful summary than “summarize this.” For very long documents, Claude’s large context window handles more text at once.
Can ChatGPT summarize a research paper accurately?
It does well with the abstract and key sections. Use the research-paper prompt to get the main claim, method, findings, and limitations — then verify anything you’ll cite against the original, since AI can occasionally misstate specifics.
How do I summarize a meeting transcript?
Use the transcript or meeting-notes prompt: it returns a TL;DR, decisions, and an action-item table with owners and dates, marking unstated items as “unassigned” rather than guessing.
Will the summary leave out important details?
Any summary trades completeness for brevity. Tell the prompt what matters most (numbers, dates, decisions) and ask it to flag anything it left out — and always keep the source for the details that count.